Krakow is a city steeped in history, with its origins tracing back to the 7th century. As one of the oldest and most significant cities in Poland, Krakow has served as the royal capital for many centuries, playing a crucial role in shaping the nation's cultural and political landscape.
The legend of Krakow's founding is tied to the mythical figure Krakus, a prince who is said to have defeated a fearsome dragon that terrorized the area. This tale is immortalized in the famous Dragon's Den beneath Wawel Hill, where the dragon allegedly made its lair.
By the 10th century, Krakow had become an important trading hub, strategically located at the crossroads of major trade routes. In 1038, King Casimir I the Restorer made Krakow the capital of Poland, further elevating its status. The city's golden age began in the 14th century under the reign of King Casimir III the Great, who established the University of Krakow (now Jagiellonian University), one of the oldest universities in the world.
Throughout the centuries, Krakow has witnessed numerous historical events, including the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, the establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, and the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. Despite these tumultuous periods, Krakow has managed to preserve its rich architectural and cultural heritage.
During World War II, Krakow was occupied by Nazi Germany, and the city's Jewish population suffered immensely during the Holocaust. The Old Town, however, was spared from significant destruction, allowing its historic buildings and landmarks to survive intact.
Today, Krakow stands as a testament to its resilient past, with its well-preserved medieval core, vibrant cultural scene, and a deep sense of history that continues to draw visitors from around the world.